Data palettes

One store's year, drawn three ways. Each chart uses the kind of palette its data needs, and none relies on hue alone.

See the charts as

An approximation: the full-severity matrices of Machado, Oliveira and Fernandes (2009), applied with an SVG feColorMatrix in linear RGB. Real color vision varies from person to person and with the screen and the light.

Categorical: things that are different

Four product lines. Distinct hues, plus a dash pattern, a marker shape and a name at the end of each line.

Units sold by season, in hundreds. Rain shells: 62, 48, 20, 58. Sun hats: 12, 35, 70, 30. Tents: 15, 40, 58, 14. Boots: 45, 30, 22, 44. 020406080 WinterSpringSummerFall Rain shellsSun hatsTentsBoots
Units sold by season in 2025, in hundreds. Rain shells: solid line, circles. Sun hats: dashed, squares. Tents: dotted, triangles. Boots: dash-dot, diamonds.

Contrast with the page: measuring…

Sequential: more and less of one thing

Trail visitors per month, in five classes of one lightness ramp (viridis). Each cell prints its value.

Trail visitors per month, in thousands: January 2.1, February 2.4, March 3.8, April 5.6, May 7.9, June 9.4, July 10.2, August 9.8, September 7.1, October 5.0, November 3.0, December 2.6. Jan2.1 Feb2.4 Mar3.8 Apr5.6 May7.9 Jun9.4 Jul10.2 Aug9.8 Sep7.1 Oct5.0 Nov3.0 Dec2.6 under 33 to 55 to 77 to 99 and up
Trail visitors per month in 2025, in thousands. Summer is busiest; the five classes run from dark purple (under 3) to yellow (9 and up).

Contrast with the page: measuring…

Diverging: above and below a middle

Change in sales from 2024, percent. Orange below zero, blue above, a neutral middle; the bars' direction carries the sign too.

Change in sales from 2024, percent, by month: January −18, February −9, March −3, April +4, May +12, June +21, July +15, August +6, September −2, October −11, November −24, December +8. −18Jan −9Feb −3Mar +4Apr +12May +21Jun +15Jul +6Aug −2Sep −11Oct −24Nov +8Dec −15 or less−5 to −15about 0+5 to +15+15 or more
Change in sales by month, 2025 against 2024, in percent. Spring and summer grew; late fall fell furthest.

Contrast with the page: measuring…